Výslovnost v Italštině
Výslovnost italštiny není těžká. Ze začátku vypadá mnohem komplikovaněji než je....
V podstatě je jako v Češtině: jak píšu, tak i čtu.
Zde jsou pravidla:
C=K před a, o, u a před souhláskou
např. Banca(Banka), San Marco(San Marko), Documento(Dokumento) a další....
=Č před e, i
např. Sicilia(Sičilia), Concerto(Končerto), Cecilia(Čečilia)
G=G před a, o, u a když je za G souhláska
např. Praga(Praga), Prego(Prego), Augusto(Augusto)...
=dž před e, i
např.:Gelato(Dželato), Magico(Madžiko)....
!!Pokud je c nebo g zdvojeno, jeho výslovnost se řídí hláskou, která následuje-k, nebo č, g
nebo dž, nesmí ale zaznít dvě hlásky!!!
Př.:Oggi(Odži)-den
Leggo(Lego)-čtu
Piccolo(Pikolo)-malý
Uccello(Učelo)-pták
Skupiny hlásek cia(ča), cio(čo), ciu(ču)
Př.:Cioa(Čao)-ahoj Francia(Franča)-Francie Speciale(Spečale)-zvláštní
Skupiny hlásek gia(dža), gio(džo), giu(džu)
Př.:Giuseppe(Džuzepe)-Pepa Giorno(Džorno)-den
!!Je-li v těchto skupinách i přízvučné, tak se vyslovuje!!(viz dále)
Př.:Lucia(Lučia)-Lucie Fermacia(Fermačia)-lékárna
Z=C mezi dvěmi samohláskami
Př.: Venezia(Venecia)-Benátky Grazie(Gracie)-děkuju
=DZ Př.: Romanzo(Romandzo) Zero(Dzero)-nula
Di(DY), Ti(TY), Ni(NY)- nikdy nezměkčujeme!!!!
např.Domani(Domany)-zítra Verdi(Verdy)
Gn=Ň např.: Signore(Siňore)-pán Lignano(Liňano)
S=S
- na začátku slova před samohláskami
např.:Sicilia(Sičilia)
-před c, f,p, q, t
např. Studente(Studente)- student
-po souhláskách a při zdvojení
např.:Corso(Korso)- kurz
Interessante(Interesante)-zajímavý
=Z
-mezi samohláskami
např.:Isola(Izola)-ostrov
-před b, d, g, l, m, n, v
např.: Slovacco(Zlovaco) Snella(Znela)-štíhlá
H se nečtou, pouze se píší!!!!
např.:Anno(Ano)-rok Hanno(Ano)-mají
Che(Ke), Chi(Ki)
např.: Machelangelo(Mikelandželo) Macchina(Makina)-auto
Ghe(Ge), Ghi(Gy)
např.: Spaghetti(Spagety)-špagety
Qu(Q)
např.: Qualita(Qalita)
Gli(Jli)
např.: La Famiglia (La Famijlia)-rodina
Gli studenti(Jli studenty)-studenti
Chia(kja), Chie(Kje), Chio(Kjo), Chiu(Kju)
např.:Bicchiere(Bikjere)-sklenice
Occhio(Okjo)-oko
Chiuso(Kjuso)-uzavřený
I
-nepřízvučné
např.:Comincia(kominča)-začínáme Mangia(Mandža)-on, ona jí
-přízvučné
např.: Io(Ijo)-já Lucia(Lučia)-Lucie
-u sloves -ciare a -giare je i nepřízvučné, proto se neříká(Viz. dále)!!!
např.:Cominciamo(Kominčamo)-začínáme)
Sce(Še),, Sci(Ši), Scio(Šo), Sciu(Šu)
např.: Conescere(Konošere)- znát, Brescia(Breša), Sciopero(Šopero)-salát
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